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Diagoras of Melos
Diagoras "the Atheist" of Melos ((ギリシア語:Διαγόρας ὁ Μήλιος)) was a Greek poet and sophist of the 5th century BC. Throughout Antiquity he was regarded as an atheist. With the exception of this one point, there is little information concerning his life and beliefs. He spoke out against the Greek religion, and criticized the Eleusinian Mysteries. The Athenians accused him of impiety, and he was forced to flee the city. He died in Corinth.
==Life==
Diagoras was the son of Telecleides or Teleclytus, and was born in the island of Melos, one of the Cyclades. According to the Suda,〔( Suda, ''Diagoras'', delta,523 )〕 he was a disciple of Democritus after Democritus had paid a very large ransom to free Diagoras from captivity following the cruel subjugation of Melos (416 BC); however no early sources mention an association with Democritus. The Suda also states that in his youth Diagoras had acquired some reputation as a lyric poet, and this is probably the cause of his being mentioned with the lyric poets Simonides, Pindar, and Bacchylides. Among his encomia is mentioned in particular a eulogy on Arianthes of Argos, who is otherwise unknown, another on Nicodorus, a statesman of Mantineia, and a third upon the Mantineians. Nicodorus was celebrated as a statesman and lawgiver in his native place; Aelian informs us that Diagoras was the lover of Nicodorus, and assisted Nicodorus in his legislation.〔Aelian, ''Varia Historia'', ii. 23〕
We find Diagoras at Athens as early as 423 BC—Aristophanes in ''The Clouds'',〔Aristophanes, ''Clouds'', 830〕 which was performed in that year, alludes to him as a well-known character. A few years later, c. 415 BC, Diodorus informs us〔Diodorus Siculus, xiii. 6〕 that he was involved by the democratic party in a lawsuit about impiety, and he thought it advisable to escape its result by flight. Religion may have been only the pretext for the accusation, for being a Melian made him an object of suspicion with the people of Athens. In 416 BC, Melos had been conquered and cruelly treated by the Athenians, and it is not at all impossible that Diagoras, indignant at such treatment, may have taken part in the party-strife at Athens, and thus have drawn upon himself the suspicion of the democratic party. Diagoras subsequently went to Corinth, where, as the Suda states, he died.
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